A Novel Technique for High-Precision Ionospheric VTEC Estimation and Prediction at the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Region: A Case Study over Haikou Station

This paper introduces a novel technique that uses observation data from GNSS to estimate the ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) using Kriging–Kalman method. The provides method validate accuracy of Ionospheric VTEC analysis within Equatorial Ionization anomaly region. developed alongside solar parameters, such as radio flux (F10.7 cm), Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) and other data, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Networks predict occurrence time equatorial changes. LSTM was applied Haikou Station. A comparison this with neural network (NN) model International Reference Ionosphere shows outperforms all them at estimation prediction. results, which are based on root mean square error (RMSE) between GIM outside region, 1.42 TECU, results Beidou geostationary orbit satellite, lies inside ionization 1.92 TECU. can be used in prediction real space operations.